Lub Vuam Txheej Txheem Ntawm Hnav-Resistant Steel Phaj

Hnav-resistant steel daim hlau yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam lag luam vim lawv tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm tiv taus abrasion thiab hnav. Txawm li cas los xij, welding cov phiaj no yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb thiab kev ceev faj kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke muaj zog thiab txhim khu kev qha. Kab lus no yuav tshawb txog cov txheej txheem vuam ntawm cov hlau uas hnav-tiv taus kom meej.

Vuam txoj kev
Feem ntau siv vuam txoj kev rau hnav-resistant steel daim hlau muaj xws li shielded hlau arc vuam (SMAW), roj hlau arc vuam (GMAW), thiab flux-cored arc vuam (FCAW). Txhua txoj kev muaj nws tus kheej zoo thiab raug xaiv raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov project thiab cov khoom siv muaj.

SMAW yog ib txoj kev vuam tsoos uas tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm me me thiab qhov chaw vuam. Nws siv cov khoom siv electrode coated nrog flux los tsim cov vuam. GMAW, tseem hu ua MIG welding, siv cov hlau txuas txuas ntxiv thiab cov roj thaiv kev tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv lub pas dej welding. Txoj kev no muab cov vuam ceev ceev thiab tsim nyog rau cov phaj tuab. FCAW zoo ib yam li GMAW tab sis siv cov tubular xaim uas muaj cov flux, muab kev txhim kho slag thiab nkag mus.

Cov khoom siv vuam
Kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv vuam yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav cov khoom siv vuam zoo. Rau hnav-resistant steel daim hlau, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov electrodes lossis cov xov hlau uas muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo sib xws thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab rau lub hauv paus hlau. Tshwj xeeb hnav-tiv taus vuam electrodes thiab cov xov hlau muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, uas yog tsim los muab kev txhim kho hnav tsis kam nyob rau hauv qhov chaw vuam.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov hlau muab tub lim, kev xaiv ntawm fluxes thiab shielding gases kuj cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem vuam. Lub flux pab tshem tawm impurities thiab tiv thaiv lub pas dej weld los ntawm oxidation, thaum lub shielding gas, xws li argon los yog ib tug sib tov ntawm argon thiab carbon dioxide, muab ib tug ruaj khov arc thiab tiv thaiv molten hlau.

Kev npaj ua ntej vuam
Kev npaj ua ntej vuam zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom muaj kev vam meej. Qhov no suav nrog kev ntxuav qhov chaw ntawm daim hlau kom tshem tawm cov av, roj, xeb, thiab lwm yam kab mob. Cov npoo ntawm daim hlau yuav tsum tau beveled los yog grooved kom txaus nkag thiab fusion thaum vuam.

Preheating daim hlau ua ntej vuam yog feem ntau tsim nyog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov phaj tuab lossis thaum lub hauv paus hlau muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon siab. Preheating pab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg thiab txhim kho weldability ntawm cov khoom. Lub preheating kub nyob ntawm qhov tuab thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm daim hlau thiab tuaj yeem nyob ntawm 150 degree txog 300 degree.

Vuam Parameters
Lub vuam tsis xws li tam sim no, qhov hluav taws xob, thiab vuam ceev, yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xaiv kom ua tiav qhov zoo ntawm cov hlaws hlaws, nkag mus, thiab fusion. Cov kev txwv no tau cuam tshuam los ntawm txoj kev vuam, phaj thickness, kev sib koom ua ke, thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv vuam.

Piv txwv li, ib qho hluav taws xob ntau dua thiab qhov hluav taws xob feem ntau yog siv rau cov phaj tuab kom ntseeg tau tias kev nkag mus txaus. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau dhau tam sim no lossis qhov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv vuam. Lub vuam ceev yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom sib npaug ntawm cov cua sov tawm thiab tus nqi ntawm deposition, kom ntseeg tau tias ib tug du thiab uniform weld hlaws.

Interpass Temperature Control
Kev tswj qhov kub ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm sib kis welding. Qhov kub ntawm qhov interpass yog qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw weld nruab nrab ntawm qhov txuas txuas txuas ntxiv. Nws yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov thiab muaj peev xwm tawg.

Yog tias qhov kub ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam yog siab dhau, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov qoob loo loj hlob thiab txo cov khoom siv tshuab. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias nws qis dhau, nws tuaj yeem ua rau tawv tawv thiab tawg. Feem ntau, qhov kub ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam yog tswj los ntawm kev tso cai rau lub sijhawm txias txaus ntawm kev hla lossis los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem preheating lossis tom qab cua sov.

Kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam
Qee qhov xwm txheej, kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam (PWHT) yuav tsum tau ua kom txo qis kev ntxhov siab, txhim kho microstructure, thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom sib txuas. Hom thiab ntev ntawm PWHT nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov.

Cov txheej txheem PWHT feem ntau suav nrog annealing, normalizing, thiab tempering. Annealing muaj cua sov lub vuam mus rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab maj mam txias nws kom txo tau kev ntxhov siab thiab txhim kho ductility. Normalizing yog siv los kho cov qauv nplej thiab ua kom lub zog ntawm cov vuam. Tempering yog ua los txo hardness thiab txhim kho toughness.

Kev soj ntsuam zoo
Tom qab vuam, kev tshuaj xyuas zoo yog ua tiav los xyuas kom meej qhov kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke. Cov kev kuaj tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj xws li kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag, kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas qhov sib nqus (MPI), kuaj ultrasonic (UT), thiab kev kuaj hluav taws xob (RT) feem ntau yog siv.

Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw weld rau qhov tsis xws luag xws li tawg, porosity, undercut, thiab tsis tiav fusion. MPI thiab UT yog siv los txheeb xyuas qhov tsis zoo thiab kev tsis sib xws. RT muab cov duab hluav taws xob ntawm cov vuam, tso cai rau kev kuaj xyuas cov qauv vuam.

Xaus
Kev vuam ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb hlau yuav tsum muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm cov khoom siv, vuam txoj kev, thiab cov txheej txheem tsis ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem vuam kom raug, suav nrog kev npaj ua ntej vuam zoo, xaiv cov khoom siv vuam, kev tswj cov vuam tsis sib xws thiab qhov ntsuas kub, thiab kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam, nws muaj peev xwm tau txais cov khoom siv vuam zoo uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. daim ntawv thov. Kev tshuaj xyuas zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb kawg kauj ruam los xyuas kom meej qhov kev ntseeg tau thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov qauv welded. Nrog rau kev ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov yam no, hnav-resistant steel daim hlau tuaj yeem ua tiav welded rau ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam.